Matera

Matera’s history is deeply rooted in its prehistoric origins. The Sassi, or 'stones,' are cave dwellings that have been inhabited since the Paleolithic era, making Matera one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world. During the Byzantine period, the city became a center of monasticism, with numerous rock-cut churches and monasteries built into the cliffs. In the Middle Ages, Matera flourished as a strategic fortress, but it also suffered from poverty and disease, leading to its evacuation in the 1950s by the Italian government due to unsanitary conditions. The city was largely abandoned until the 1980s, when a major restoration project began, transforming the Sassi into a vibrant residential and tourist area. Today, Matera preserves its historic center, which includes the Sassi di Matera and the Barisano district, offering a unique urban landscape that blends ancient cave architecture with modern amenities. The city’s recovery is considered one of the most successful urban regeneration projects in Europe.

The main attractions in Matera are centered around the Sassi di Matera and its rock-cut churches. The Sassi di Matera consists of two main areas: Sasso Caveoso and Sasso Barisano, connected by the Gravina ravine. The Rupe Grande and Rupe Piccola are the two main rock formations where the cave dwellings are located. The Church of Santa Maria de Idris, also known as the Madonna delle Virtù, is a Byzantine church built into the rock, offering panoramic views of the city. The Cathedral of Matera, built in the 13th century, is a prominent landmark with a Romanesque facade and a crypt containing ancient frescoes. The Casa Grotta di Vico Solitario is a restored cave dwelling that provides insight into the traditional life of Matera’s inhabitants. The Matera Museum of Ancient Stone Age (MUSMA) is housed in a former monastery and features contemporary art installations in ancient stone settings. The city also offers stunning viewpoints, such as the Belvedere di Murgia Timone, which offers sweeping views of the Sassi and the Gravina.

Activities in Matera include exploring the Sassi, visiting the rock-cut churches, and enjoying the local cuisine. The city is known for its traditional Basilicata dishes, including pasta con le sarde, braciole, and local wines like Aglianico. Visitors can take guided tours to learn about the history of the Sassi and the cave dwellings. The surrounding area offers opportunities for hiking and cycling, with trails leading through the Gravina ravine and the surrounding hills. Matera also hosts various festivals and events throughout the year, including the Festival of the Madonna delle Virtù. Shopping includes local ceramics, textiles, and food products. For those interested in history, guided tours are available to explore the Byzantine and medieval heritage of the city.

Getting to Matera is convenient via rail and road. The city is accessible by train from Bari, approximately 50 kilometers away, with frequent services to Matera Centrale station. For those traveling by car, the A16 motorway provides easy access from Bari and Naples. The nearest airport is Bari Karol Wojtyła Airport, located about 50 kilometers away. The best time to visit Matera is from April to June or September to October, when the weather is mild and pleasant, ideal for exploring the outdoor attractions and historic sites. July and August are peak tourist months, with higher temperatures and larger crowds. Winter is cool but offers a quieter experience, with the city’s museums and cafes providing cultural entertainment. Despite the seasonal variations, Matera’s unique history and architectural beauty make it a rewarding destination year-round.